Educator’s Guide to objective observation of a child

An objective observation of a child is the practice of recording exactly what the child says and does—factually and without bias. It involves writing down visible actions and spoken words, rather than assumptions, so educators can see the child’s development clearly and accurately. 

In early childhood education, the ability to observe objectively is vital. It allows educators to accurately track developmental milestones, recognize emerging needs, and tailor their teaching to each child’s unique path—without letting personal expectations or feelings interfere.

Unlike subjective notes, which may reflect an adult’s feelings or interpretations, objective observation in early childhood offers an honest, evidence-based view of a child’s behavior and growth. This type of documentation enhances communication with families, supports assessment, and contributes to creating a more inclusive and responsive learning environment. 

What is an objective observation of a child?

An objective observation is a brief, factual record of what a child says or does—written without adding personal opinions, judgments, or emotional interpretation. In early education, this means describing exactly what is seen and heard, not what we think the child feels or intends. 

For example, instead of saying “Noah was upset,” an objective observation would note:
“Noah crossed his arms and sat apart from the group without speaking for five minutes.” 

An objective observation of a child helps educators better understand development, identify patterns, and respond to real behaviors—not assumptions. These notes form the foundation of effective, unbiased assessment and support objective observation in early childhood environments where fairness and accuracy matter. 

Why Does Objective Observation Matter in Early Childhood Education?

Objective observation is the foundation of accurate, responsive teaching in early childhood settings. When educators document what children say and do without personal bias, they create a clear, reliable record of each child’s development. This accuracy is crucial for tracking milestones, recognizing patterns, and identifying when support or enrichment is needed. 

Factual observations also guide individualized instruction. Instead of relying on assumptions, teachers can plan activities and interventions that match a child’s actual interests, abilities, and needs. This promotes equity, helps meet diverse learning styles, and supports developmental growth at the right pace. 

Additionally, objective documentation supports compliance with early childhood education standards and licensing requirements. It provides a clear paper trail for developmental screenings, progress reports, and family communications—especially when shared across teams or programs. 

While handwritten notes still play a role, many educators use Jumbula’s classroom module to keep child observations organized, timestamped, and securely stored. These tools help ensure that observations remain consistent, confidential, and accessible when needed. 

5 Basic Guidelines for Observing Children

Objective observation starts with being intentional and staying focused. Here are five foundational guidelines every educator should follow to ensure observations are useful, fair, and developmentally appropriate: 

1. Choose a clear purpose & setting
   Before observing, decide why you’re observing and what you’re looking for—language use, social behavior, motor skills, etc. Pick a setting where the child feels comfortable and natural. 
2. Record only what you see and hear
   Focus strictly on the child’s actions and words. Describe behavior factually, like “Maya pointed to the picture and said, ‘Dog!’” Avoid inserting personal interpretations like “Maya was excited about the dog.” 
3. Note time and context
   Record the date, time, location, and circumstances. This gives critical context: Is the child tired? Is it during outdoor play or group time? Such details help identify patterns over time. 
4. Avoid judgment words
   Stay away from adjectives that reflect opinion, such as “lazy,” “naughty,” “shy,” or even “happy.” These words suggest personal bias and can misrepresent what actually occurred. 
5. Store data securely
   Whether you’re using paper forms or digital tools, child observations should be stored confidentially and organized in a way that makes them easy to reference later. Jumbula can help streamline this process while maintaining security and access control. 

Observation Methods & When to Use Them

Different observation methods serve various purposes in early childhood education. The key is choosing the right tool for your goal—whether you’re tracking a specific behavior, noting developmental progress, or gaining insight into how a child engages with their environment. Below are five widely used techniques and when to use them, each with a child-written observation example to guide your practice. 

Anecdotal Records (Snapshot Notes)

When to use: Use anecdotal records for brief, meaningful moments that capture a child’s development, behavior, or learning in action. 

Child observation example:
“At 10:15 a.m., Ella picked up a magnifying glass and examined a leaf. She turned to Liam and said, ‘Look, it’s got little dots!’ Then she traced the dots with her finger.” 

This short, narrative note captures spontaneous language and scientific curiosity in a real moment. 

Running Records (Continuous Timeline) 

When to use: Use running records to document a child’s behavior in detail over a set period of time, especially to understand how they interact with people, materials, or routines. 

Child observation example:
“9:20 a.m. – Jesse walks to the puzzle shelf and selects the animal puzzle.
9:22 – Sits at the table and begins placing pieces.
9:25 – Calls to teacher: ‘I can’t find the lion.’
9:27 – Finds the lion piece under the table and smiles.
9:30 – Finishes puzzle and claps hands.” 

This method gives a clear, chronological view of the child’s focus, persistence, and problem-solving. 

Time Sampling (Frequency Count) 

When to use: Use time sampling to record how often a specific behavior occurs within a defined time frame. Ideal for tracking behaviors like sharing, eye contact, or transitioning smoothly. 

Child observation example:
Observed from 10:00 to 10:30 a.m.: 

• Sarah initiated social interaction with peers 4 times 
• Sat quietly during group activity 3 times 
• Needed redirection 0 times 

This quantifiable data helps spot patterns and measure growth over time. 

Event Sampling (Trigger Tracking) 

When to use: Use event sampling to focus on specific behaviors or events and what triggers or follows them. It’s useful for behaviors that may require intervention or support. 

Child observation example:
Event: Tantrum when asked to clean up.
Time: 11:45 a.m.
Antecedent: Teacher said, “It’s time to put the blocks away.”
Behavior: Max yelled, threw two blocks, and lay on the floor.
Consequence: Teacher calmly sat nearby and said, “I’m here when you’re ready.” 

This method helps identify emotional triggers and responses, supporting behavior plans. 

Checklists & Rating Scales 

When to use: Use these tools to monitor developmental milestones, skills, or behaviors across time. They’re ideal for curriculum planning and communication with families. 

Child observation example:
Checklist item: “Can button and unbutton clothing.”
☑ Yes
☐ Not Yet
☐ Emerging
Note: “On 4/5, Maya buttoned her jacket without assistance before going outside.” 

Structured tools like this help track skill acquisition clearly and consistently. 

Writing Objective vs. Subjective: Side-by-Side Examples 

Understanding the difference between objective and subjective observations is key to effective documentation. Here are clear examples side-by-side to illustrate how to keep your notes factual and free from personal bias: 

Objective Observation	Subjective Observation
“Liam stacked six blocks before the tower fell.”	“Liam was proud of his block tower.”
“Sofia said, ‘I want the red car,’ while pointing to it.”	“Sofia seemed upset and demanding.”
“Noah smiled and waved at his teacher during circle time.”	“Noah was happy and excited to see his teacher.”
“Emma played with the puzzle pieces for 15 minutes without help.”	“Emma is very independent and confident.”
“David walked across the room and sat down quietly.”	“David is shy and avoids playing with others.”

In each objective note, the focus is strictly on what can be seen or heard — specific actions, words, or behaviors. The subjective examples add interpretation or emotion that may not be accurate or helpful for developmental tracking. 

Tools & Templates That Make Observation Easier 

Recording objective observations can be simpler and more efficient with the right tools. Here are some popular options that help educators stay organized and accurate: 

• Digital Tablets & Apps: Using tablets or specialized early childhood apps allows quick typing or voice-to-text recording right in the moment. These tools often have built-in templates and timestamps, reducing paperwork and improving consistency. 
• Voice Memos: For educators who prefer speaking, voice memos can capture observations instantly. Later, these can be transcribed into written notes for records. 
• Color-Coded Sheets: Visual organization helps when tracking multiple children or behaviors. Using color-coded observation sheets or folders makes sorting and reviewing easier. 
• Cloud Folders: Secure, cloud-based storage keeps observations safe and accessible across devices and from different team members. This also supports collaboration with families and other professionals. 

Easy-to-Use Objective Observation Template 

Use this straightforward template to guide your notes and ensure observations stay factual and clear: 

Child’s Name: _______________________
Date & Time: _______________________
Setting: ___________________________
Observer: __________________________ 

Observation Purpose: _______________
(e.g., language development, social interaction) 

Objective Observation:
(Write exactly what the child says or does—no opinions or interpretations) 

Context Notes:
(Include relevant details about environment, materials, or circumstances) 

Follow-Up Actions (if any):
(Plan for next steps based on observation, if applicable) 

This simple structure keeps observations focused, consistent, and actionable. 

Recognizing & Reducing Bias in Child Observation 

Even with the best intentions, personal bias can slip into observations and affect how educators interpret a child’s behavior. Recognizing and actively reducing bias ensures that every child is seen for who they truly are—not through the lens of assumptions, stereotypes, or past experiences. 

Quick Self-Check for Bias in Observations 

Ask yourself: 

• Am I describing only what I saw and heard—not what I think or feel happened? 
• Have I avoided labels like “difficult,” “lazy,” or “gifted”? 
• Does this observation reflect the child’s actions, not my personal expectations? 
• Would another educator reading this note interpret it the same way? 
• Am I applying the same standards across all children, regardless of background, language, or behavior? 

Additional Strategies to Reduce Bias 

• Peer Review: Sharing your observation notes with a colleague for feedback helps spot unintentional bias and supports reflective practice. It can also strengthen team alignment on observation language and standards. 
• Anti-Bias Professional Development: Ongoing training in anti-bias education helps educators become more aware of how race, gender, culture, disability, and socioeconomic factors may unconsciously shape their perceptions. This awareness is key to fair, accurate, and inclusive documentation. 

By staying grounded in facts and reflecting on your own viewpoint, you ensure that every observation supports equity, trust, and growth. 

Turning Observations Into Actionable Data 

Objective observations aren’t just records—they’re tools for meaningful action. When used intentionally, your notes can directly inform instructional planning, support documentation requirements, and guide individualized learning paths. 

Map Notes to DRDP or COR Indicators 

Observation data can be aligned with assessment frameworks like the Desired Results Developmental Profile (DRDP) or the Child Observation Record (COR). For example, a note about a child initiating conversation during block play may align with a language or social development domain. Tagging observations to specific indicators helps educators document developmental progress clearly and accurately. 

Plan Small-Group Lessons 

Consistent observations reveal patterns—such as which children are struggling with fine motor skills or who frequently initiates peer play. These insights allow teachers to design targeted small-group activities that build on strengths or support emerging skills, ensuring each child receives developmentally appropriate instruction. 

Track IEP Goal Progress 

For children with Individualized Education Programs (IEPs), objective observation is essential for monitoring progress toward specific goals. Whether it’s noting the number of verbal initiations per hour or documenting a successful transition without support, these observations provide real evidence to share with families and specialists—and help tailor interventions as needed. 

By turning everyday moments into data-driven insights, educators can create intentional, responsive classrooms that truly support each child’s growth. 

Sharing Observations With Families—Best Practices 

Objective observations become even more powerful when they’re shared with families in thoughtful, respectful ways. When parents and caregivers understand what their child is doing, saying, and learning at school, it strengthens the home-school connection and builds trust. 

Use Plain, Family-Friendly Language 

Translate your professional notes into language that families can easily understand. Instead of technical terms like “self-regulation,” say, “She calmed herself by taking deep breaths.” Keep the tone warm, factual, and positive—highlighting growth and curiosity rather than focusing on what’s missing. 

Share Photos Only With Consent 

Images can bring observations to life, but it’s essential to have written permission before sharing photos of children. Follow your program’s confidentiality policies and avoid including other children in the background unless their families have also given consent. 

Invite Family Feedback 

Treat observation sharing as a two-way conversation. Encourage families to respond, share insights from home, or ask questions. For example: “We noticed Eli is using more complete sentences during play. Are you seeing something similar at home?” Their input can deepen your understanding and lead to more personalized support for the child. 

By communicating clearly and respectfully, educators and families become true partners in each child’s development. 

Ethical & Confidentiality Reminders 

Observing children comes with the responsibility to protect their privacy and dignity. Ethical observation practices ensure that families trust how their child’s information is collected, stored, and shared. 

Written Permission for Photos 

Before taking or sharing any photos of children—whether for documentation, portfolios, or communication—obtain written consent from families. Make sure they understand how images will be used, who will see them, and whether they’ll be shared digitally or in print. 

Password-Protected Storage 

Whether you’re using a digital system, tablet, or cloud folder, always store observation data in password-protected and encrypted formats. This protects sensitive information from unauthorized access and aligns with data privacy standards. 

Who Can Access What 

Only authorized staff should have access to observation notes, child records, and images. Define clear roles within your program regarding who can view, edit, or share documentation—and make sure all team members are trained on confidentiality policies. 

Upholding these ethical standards reinforces professional integrity and honors the trust families place in early educators. 

Final Thoughts: Objectivity Builds Trust and Better Learning 

Objective observation is more than a documentation method—it’s a powerful tool that builds trust between educators, families, and children while enhancing the quality of early childhood education. By focusing on clear, unbiased facts, educators can accurately track development, tailor instruction, and support every child’s unique learning journey. 

This approach fosters stronger communication with families and creates an inclusive, respectful environment where all children are seen and valued for who they truly are. 

Today’s digital platforms that combine secure registration, attendance, and streamlined observation—such as Jumbula—make it easier than ever for educators to collect and manage objective data efficiently, without being overwhelmed by paperwork. 

By embracing objectivity, educators lay a foundation for informed teaching and meaningful growth that benefits every child. 

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